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What happens to your liver when you quit alcohol

<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ashwin-dhanda-1359529">Ashwin Dhanda</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-plymouth-717">University of Plymouth</a></em></p> <p>According to Greek mythology, Zeus punished Prometheus for giving fire to humans. He chained Prometheus up and set an eagle to feast on his liver. Each night, the liver grew back and each day, the eagle returned for his feast. In reality, can a liver really grow back?</p> <p>The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body. It is needed for hundreds of bodily processes, including breaking down toxins such as alcohol. As it is the first organ to “see” alcohol that has been drunk, it is not surprising that it is the most susceptible to alcohol’s effects. However, other organs, including the brain and heart, can also be damaged by long-term heavy alcohol use.</p> <p>As a liver specialist, I meet people with alcohol-related liver disease every day. It is a <a href="https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease/">spectrum of disease</a> ranging from laying down of fat in the liver (fatty liver) to scar formation (cirrhosis) and it usually doesn’t cause any symptoms until the very late stages of damage.</p> <p>At first, alcohol makes the liver fatty. This fat causes the liver to become inflamed. In response, it tries to heal itself, producing scar tissue. If this carries on unchecked, the whole liver can become a mesh of scars with small islands of “good” liver in between – cirrhosis.</p> <p>In the late stages of cirrhosis, when the liver fails, people can turn yellow (jaundice), swell with fluid and become sleepy and confused. This is serious and can be fatal.</p> <p>Most people who regularly drink more than the recommended limit of 14 units of alcohol per week (about six pints of normal strength beer [4% ABV] or about six average [175ml] glasses of wine [14% ABV]) will have a fatty liver. Long-term and heavy alcohol use increases the risk of developing <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/">scarring and cirrhosis</a>.</p> <h2>Good news</h2> <p>Fortunately, there is good news. In people with fatty liver, after only two to three weeks of giving up alcohol, the liver can heal and looks and functions <a href="https://arcr.niaaa.nih.gov/volume/41/1/natural-recovery-liver-and-other-organs-after-chronic-alcohol-use">as good as new</a>.</p> <p>In people with liver inflammation or mild scarring, even within seven days of giving up alcohol, there are noticeable reductions in liver <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1659">fat, inflammation and scarring</a>. Stopping alcohol use for several months lets the liver heal and return to normal.</p> <p>In heavy drinkers with more severe scarring or liver failure, giving up alcohol for several years reduces their chance of <a href="https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(22)01113-2/fulltext">worsening liver failure and death</a>. However, people who drink heavily can be physically dependent on alcohol and stopping suddenly can cause alcohol withdrawal.</p> <p>In its mild form, it causes shaking and sweating. But if severe, it can cause hallucinations, fits and even death. Going “cold turkey” is never recommended for heavy drinkers, who should seek medical advice about how to safely give up alcohol.</p> <h2>Other benefits</h2> <p>Giving up drinking also has positive effects on <a href="https://alcoholchange.org.uk/blog/benefits-of-dry-january-and-when-you-can-expect-to-see-them">sleep, brain function and blood pressure</a>.</p> <p>Avoiding alcohol for long periods also reduces the risk of several types of <a href="https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/alcohol-and-cancer">cancer</a> (including liver, pancreas and colon) and the risk of <a href="https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/effects-of-alcohol-on-your-heart">heart disease and stroke</a>.</p> <p>However, alcohol is not the only cause of ill health. Giving it up has many health benefits, but it is not a panacea. It should be seen as part of a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical exercise.</p> <p>So, to answer the question posed by the myth of Prometheus, the liver has an amazing power to repair itself after it has been damaged. But it cannot grow back as new if it was already severely scarred.</p> <p>If you stop drinking and only have a fatty liver, it can quickly turn back to normal. If you had a scarred liver (cirrhosis) to start with, stopping alcohol will allow some healing and improved function but can’t undo all the damage that has already been done.</p> <p>If you want to look after your liver, drink in moderation and have two to three alcohol-free days each week. That way, you won’t have to rely on the liver’s magical self-healing power to stay healthy.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/220490/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ashwin-dhanda-1359529"><em>Ashwin Dhanda</em></a><em>, Associate Professor of Hepatology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-plymouth-717">University of Plymouth</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-happens-to-your-liver-when-you-quit-alcohol-220490">original article</a>.</em></p>

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"Show us your Regina" tourism campaign labelled "a failure of epic proportions"

<p>A tourism campaign for the Canadian city of Regina has certainly gotten the world talking - just not for the right reasons. </p> <p>The controversial approach to promoting the area has outraged its locals, who condemned the marketing as not only “misogynistic” and also “pathetic and disgusting”. </p> <p>The tourism agency behind the campaign - Experience Regina - believed that “Show us your Regina” would be of benefit to the city, particularly as Regina rhymes with vagina. </p> <p>“The city that rhymes with fun” is another slogan they slipped into their controversial campaign, and was featured on a line of merchandise made in collaboration with 22Fresh. All posts featuring the clothing campaign have since been removed. </p> <p>Outrage came fast and furious, and the organisation was forced to acknowledge their mistake, taking to Twitter to share their thanks for everyone “holding them accountable”. </p> <p>“I want to start by apologising, on behalf of myself and our team, for the negative impact we created with elements of our recent brand launch," said Experience Regina’s Tim Reid in a statement to Twitter. </p> <p>He went on to note that they’d had positive feedback, but that it was “clear we fell short of what is expected from our amazing community with some of the slogans we used.” </p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Thank you for using your voice, thank you for holding us accountable, and thank you for allowing us to be better.</p> <p>-Tim Reid, CEO of Experience Regina <a href="https://t.co/VdS4NyYop3">pic.twitter.com/VdS4NyYop3</a></p> <p>— Experience Regina (@ExpRegina) <a href="https://twitter.com/ExpRegina/status/1637586812427468801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 19, 2023</a></p></blockquote> <p>People were not thrilled with the apology, believing that it was up to the company to do more to right their wrongs, and to actually acknowledge where they had veered off course in their decision making process. </p> <p>“Do better. This is pathetic and disgusting,” wrote one unhappy Twitter user. </p> <p>“There needs to be significant changes and very public acknowledgement of the mistakes made,” said another, before allowing that “this is a start.”</p> <p>“Did you ask literally anyone if it was a good idea?” one asked. </p> <p>Someone else opted to outline exactly what the majority were trying to tell them, stating that “this is a failure of epic proportions. You not only showed complete disrespect for women in our community but also a complete disregard for the comfort and safety of women in this community. We are owed the full story about how this came to be.” </p> <p>The uproar was so loud that Regina City Councillor Cheryl Stadnichuk issued a statement to Facebook, declaring that she too was “incredibly disappointed and appalled … with the sexist messaging of the new Experience Regina.” </p> <p>She went on to explain that she hadn’t been given any advance notice regarding the campaign’s slogan, and her thoughts on them.</p> <p>“The slogans associated with the campaign … are misogynist and objectify women’s bodies. As one woman pointed out on social media, would we engage school children with this messaging? I also ask, do we want men harassing women in bars chanting ‘show us your Regina?’,” she wrote.</p> <p>“There are so many serious ramifications of these slogans. We have extremely high rates of intimate partner violence and sexual assault in our city. </p> <p>“As a society, we have a responsibility to teach boys and men about consent. These slogans do the opposite.”</p> <p><iframe style="border: none; overflow: hidden;" src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpermalink.php%3Fstory_fbid%3Dpfbid0B6NsGhF2GBJXi67JrVTotVSefpYn7wGqFGqcA1tMiEBXLz5habNboqp2Gt6LVMnfl%26id%3D100064052141182&amp;show_text=true&amp;width=500" width="500" height="276" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> <p>Response to her post was mostly positive - people were glad to see someone in power speaking out with them - but there were those that still wanted to hear more from the company itself. One day later, they did. </p> <p>Tim Reid once again took to Twitter to share what steps Experience Regina would be taking moving forward. </p> <p>To begin, they were removing “all content that is offensive or inappropriate”, something that many had been calling for from the beginning. </p> <p>They noted that they would also be “more stringent in evaluating all aspects of our brand” and that they were “committed to involving more diverse stakeholder groups in our decision making process”. </p> <p>That they hadn’t already in 2023 was a sore point for some, while others opted just to be glad they claimed to be “committed to making it right.” </p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Please read for an update. <a href="https://t.co/OQTSvHuDV4">pic.twitter.com/OQTSvHuDV4</a></p> <p>— Experience Regina (@ExpRegina) <a href="https://twitter.com/ExpRegina/status/1637987662882643970?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 21, 2023</a></p></blockquote> <p><em>Images: 22Fresh / Instagram</em></p>

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Iron key to heart failure patients’ wellbeing

<p dir="ltr">Patients with chronic heart failure should be made aware of the importance of having their iron levels checked regularly, with research showing half of all heart failure patients have low iron, increasing their risk of hospitalisation, which is often associated with premature death.</p> <p dir="ltr">More than half a million Australians have chronic heart failure, and it is estimated that around 158,000 will require hospitalisation each year.</p> <p dir="ltr">Hospitalisation for heart failure is associated with high rates of readmission, and death, with Australia recording an estimated 61,000 heart failure-related deaths each year.</p> <p dir="ltr">New Australian treatment guidelines recommend intravenous iron treatments rather than oral supplementation for patients with heart failure with reduced heart function who have low iron. </p> <p dir="ltr">This is in a bid to reduce the risk of hospitalisation, as oral iron has been shown to be ineffective in increasing iron levels in these patients.</p> <p dir="ltr">The updated guidelines reflect new research, including a 2020 study that found heart failure patients that received an intravenous iron treatment had a 26 per cent risk reduction in total heart failure hospitalisation, and were 21 per cent less likely to experience cardiovascular death and total heart failure hospitalisation.</p> <p dir="ltr">University Hospital Geelong cardiologist John Amerena, who co-authored the new treatment guidelines, said iron deficiency was easily diagnosed by a blood test, and should be screened for as part of routine management for heart failure patients.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Patients with heart failure with reduced heart function can experience symptoms of tiredness, restlessness, bloating and poor quality of life. </p> <p dir="ltr">These can occur regardless of whether the patient is anaemic or has experienced iron deficiency in the past,” Associate Professor Amerena said.</p> <p dir="ltr">Heart failure prevents the heart from pumping enough blood to organs and tissues and can occur as the result of conditions such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, heart valve defects, viral infection, or alcohol misuse.</p> <p dir="ltr">Associate Professor Amerena said heart failure patients’ chances of survival decreased with each subsequent hospitalisation, with research showing a 25 percent chance of death within one year of first hospital admission.</p> <p dir="ltr">He said evidence showed intravenous iron could improve symptoms and patient quality of life, helping to prevent rehospitalisation.</p> <p dir="ltr">Women were more typically at risk of low iron, particularly before menopause, and should have their iron levels measured regularly, particularly if they had a history of heart problems or their family members had experienced heart issues, he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Women should be aware that low iron is common in heart failure. Measuring iron levels should be a part of routine blood testing. If their iron stores are low, there is good evidence that the administration of intravenous iron can improve their wellbeing and functional status, as well as reducing the risk for re-hospitalisation” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p>

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Three easy tips to improve brain health

<h2><strong>1. FEED YOUR BRAIN</strong></h2> <p>There are hundreds of foods and nutrients claimed to support brain health, including chocolate and red wine. As wonderful as that sounds, not all of those claims are backed by science. By contrast, the tried-and-true foods that support the brain are well established:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Green leafy vegetables.</strong> Spinach, kale, broccoli, and other leafy greens provide important nutrients for the brain such as vitamin K, folate, and carotenoids rich in antioxidants like beta-carotene and lutein.</li> <li><strong>Fatty fish.</strong> Wild caught, fatty fish provide an abundance of omega-3 fatty acids, an essential polyunsaturated fat that we must get from our diet. Fish provide omega-3 fats rich in EPA and DHA. One reason these healthy fats are crucial to brain health is because DHA is literally a building block for the brain, eyes, and nervous system. In fact, DHA is such an important fatty acid for the brain that it will take in DHA over other available fats. If you have concerns about consuming fish regularly, a fresh and high-quality fish oil supplement can be a big help.</li> <li><strong>Berries.</strong> Cranberries, blueberries, strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries are not only delicious but bright and colourful too. The natural plant pigments that create those brilliant hues are flavonoids that support our circulatory system and our brain.</li> <li><strong>Walnuts.</strong> This wonderful source of healthy fat provides another omega-3 fatty acid: ALA. This essential fatty acid can help support healthy brain function. However, for most people, it can’t replace the need for direct EPA and DHA.</li> </ul> <h2><strong>2. MOVE YOUR BODY</strong></h2> <p>Researchers at the University of British Columbia found that regular aerobic exercise seemed to increase the size of the hippocampus, the area of the brain responsible for learning and verbal memory. Interestingly, it was noted that resistance and muscle training did not seem to have the same effect. Their research indicated that the effect was both direct (stimulating circulation and hormone release) as well as indirect (supporting mood, sleep, and healthy stress levels).</p> <p>Benefit to the brain was shown with two one-hour sessions per week, but 30-minute sessions spaced throughout the week is considered equally beneficial. And just what was this magical and important exercise? Brisk walking. Walking is an activity that is often dismissed as not intense enough, but it’s an exercise with tremendous benefits. And since socialisation is also important for our health, try walking with a loved one or group of friends!</p> <h2><strong>3. KEEP YOUR MIND ACTIVE</strong></h2> <p>Researchers seem to be undecided about whether games, such as crossword puzzles, actually improve brain function. But there are some activities they do agree can help maintain brain function:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Learning new skills.</strong> Higher levels of education are associated with better brain function later in life. Experts speculate that learning trains the brain to be mentally active throughout life. Continuing to challenge your brain with mental exercise may stimulate existing and new communications between brain cells, supporting brain function. Finding ways to exercise your brain is easy. Something as simple as taking up a new hobby or volunteering where you have to learn a new skill can be a fun way to enjoy exercising your brain.</li> <li><strong>Using all your senses.</strong> Different senses activate different parts of the brain. So, using as many senses as possible when you learn something new means more parts of your brain will be involved in creating that memory pattern. You may have experienced this at a time when a particular smell suddenly brought back a vivid memory. Don’t just wait until a task requires other senses, use your senses to experience a task in a different way.</li> <li><strong>Believing in yourself.</strong> It turns out, our attitudes about ageing and the brain may help shape brain function as we age. Instead of perpetuating the stereotype of “senior moments” (which may make us less likely to work at maintaining brain function) believe you can help your memory, and then turn that belief into the action of practice.</li> <li><strong>Using planning and memory tools.</strong> I’m going to admit, this is one of my personal favourites. This works for me and I can’t recommend it enough. Don’t make your brain remember everything! Put your glasses or keys in the same place every time. Use calendars and planners to keep track of important events like birthdays or meetings. Make lists and use maps or GPS to get places you don’t regularly go. Your brain does so much for you, taking up a little of the slack can go a long way.</li> <li><strong>Repeating what you want to know.</strong> If remembering something is important (like the name of a new acquaintance), repeat what you want to remember out loud or write it down. This helps to reinforce the connection of memory. And to further reinforce this, do it more than once at different intervals. Don’t just repeat it several times within a short period, like cramming for an exam, but spread the exercise out over hours and even days.</li> </ul> <p>Let the information here inspire you to think about brain health more often, pick a few suggestions from this list to practice regularly. Your brain will thank you.</p> <p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-62754" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/09/AuthorPic_060.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="371" /></p> <h3><strong>Featured: Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver Oil</strong></h3> <p>Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver Oil™ is made from 100% wild Arctic cod, with naturally occurring DHA, EPA, vitamin D, and vitamin A. Unlike other “cod liver oils” on the market, no fish body oils or synthetic vitamins or additives are ever used.</p> <p>Nordic Naturals award-winning Arctic Cod Liver Oil™ is made exclusively from wild Arctic cod, and is an ideal choice to support general health and wellbeing. Vertically integrated from catch to finished product, Arctic Cod Liver Oil far surpasses the strict European Pharmacopoeia Standard for fish oil purity and freshness. Simply put it’s some of freshest cod liver oil in the world.</p> <p>Unlike the Cod Liver Oil products many of us were told to take in our youth, Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver Oil™ is so fresh that you can’t even tell it’s from fish!</p> <p><strong>Use the code BRAINFOOD when ordering online and get 10% OFF plus free delivery! Order at <a href="https://bit.ly/3CmYZf5">TheraHealth.com.au</a></strong></p> <p><strong>Alternatively you can find a local <a href="https://bit.ly/3A9Nqp7">stockist near you here.</a></strong></p> <p>Image: Shutterstock</p> <p><em>This is a sponsored article produced in partnership with <a href="https://bit.ly/3CmYZf5">Nordic Naturals</a>.</em></p>

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Has Labor learnt from the failure of the cashless debit card?

<p>Legislation passed through the House of Representatives this week to wind down the cashless debit card (CDC), which was introduced into the East Kimberley and Ceduna in 2016 and since applied at other trial sites around Australia. The card compulsorily quarantines 80% of social security payments received by working-aged people.</p> <p>Implementing the CDC has cost more than <a>$170 million</a>.</p> <p>Yet <a href="https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2020/02/compulsory-income-management-disabling-study-shows" target="_blank" rel="noopener">research</a> shows it does more harm than good to people forced to use it. First Nations organisations, social service organisations, and others have consistently <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/nov/03/cashless-welfare-card-fewer-than-10-of-senate-inquiry-submissions-back-bill" target="_blank" rel="noopener">argued against its expansion</a>.</p> <p>The Albanese government says winding back the CDC will “leave no one behind”. But its legislation leaves more than 23,000 mainly First Nations people in the Northern Territory – as well as people in other parts of the country – on the <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2017/June/BasicsCard_and_Cashless_Debit_Card" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BasicsCard</a>, a longer-standing compulsory income management scheme run by the Department of Social Services.</p> <p>We have known since 2014 that the BasicsCard <a href="https://caepr.cass.anu.edu.au/highlights/evaluating-new-income-management-northern-territory-final-evaluation-report-and-summary" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fails to meet its stated objectives</a>. Research published by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course found its use correlated with <a href="https://www.lifecoursecentre.org.au/research/journal-articles/working-paper-series/do-welfare-restrictions-improve-child-health-estimating-the-causal-impact-of-income-management-in-the-northern-territory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reductions in birth weight</a>, falls in <a href="https://www.lifecoursecentre.org.au/research/journal-articles/working-paper-series/the-effect-of-quarantining-welfare-on-school-attendance-in-indigenous-communities/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">school attendance</a> and other negative impacts on children.</p> <p>These are significant findings. The research suggests several possible explanations for reduced birth weight, including income management’s potential role in increasing stress on mothers, disrupting financial arrangements within the household and creating confusion about how to access funds.</p> <h2>Strong opposition</h2> <p>Given the government’s talk of <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/anthony-albanese-s-speech-at-garma-festival-annotated-20220729-p5b5sp.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">respect and reconciliation</a>, it’s hard to know why it would continue a program introduced as part of the Howard government’s racially discriminatory and widely criticised <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/sep/02/northern-territory-intervention-violates-international-law-gillian-triggs-says" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Northern Territory Emergency Response</a>.</p> <p>When the Morrison government attempted to move people in the Northern Territory from the BasicsCard onto the CDC, <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/CashlessCardTransition/Submissions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">First Nations</a> leaders were clear about how damaging the BasicsCard has been, and recommended <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/CashlessCardTransition/Submissions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">genuinely voluntary schemes</a> instead.</p> <p>As shadow minister, Linda Burney supported that position. “Our fundamental principle on the basics card and the cashless debit card [is that] it should be on a voluntary basis,” she <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/apr/19/cashless-welfare-labor-vows-to-end-compulsory-use-of-basics-card">said</a> earlier this year, adding:</p> <blockquote> <p>If people want to be on those sorts of income management, then that’s their decision. It’s not up to Labor or anyone else to tell them what to do. At the moment it’s compulsion and that’s not Labor’s position.</p> </blockquote> <p>Yet the legislation introduced into the house last week maintains compulsory income management via the BasicsCard, promising only consultation. It leaves the door wide open for continued compulsory income management. As social security minister Amanda Rishworth said in her second reading speech, the bill allows her:</p> <blockquote> <p>to determine, following further consultation with First Nations people and my colleagues, how the Northern Territory participants on the CDC will transition, and the income management arrangements that will exist.</p> </blockquote> <h2>Policy from above</h2> <p>We have learnt a lot from the CDC, including how government claims that communities can decide about who goes on and off income management are often used to legitimise the continuation of compulsory income management.</p> <p>Both the CDC and BasicsCard are ideas that were developed and lobbied for by the Australian political and business elite. They never came from the “community”.</p> <p>The BasicsCard was one of many measures implemented under the Northern Territory Emergency Response, which included the suspension of the Racial Discrimination Act and the use of the <a href="https://theconversation.com/ten-years-on-its-time-we-learned-the-lessons-from-the-failed-northern-territory-intervention-79198" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Australian Defence Force</a>.</p> <p>The CDC, on the other hand, was a key recommendation of mining billionaire Andrew Forrest’s 2014 <a href="https://www.niaa.gov.au/resource-centre/indigenous-affairs/forrest-review" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Indigenous Jobs and Training Review</a>. Since it was introduced, Forrest and his Minderoo Foundation have advocated for its extension.</p> <p>The government used much-needed funding for local services as a sweeetener to gain communities’ agreement for the CDC to proceed. In some cases, the threat of <a href="https://caepr.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/docs/Working_Paper_121_2017.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">funding cuts</a> was used in negotiations. In contrast, proposals from communities themselves for appropriate community- and Aboriginal-controlled services had long been overlooked.</p> <h2>Real consultation?</h2> <p>Governments routinely use “consultation” as a label for what are essentially information sessions, with no alternatives on the table, in an effort to signal broad-based support. In the case of the CDC, <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi__I3yoKf5AhU9R2wGHSjBAuwQFnoECC8QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FDocumentStore.ashx%3Fid%3D9e59ccc9-b9e6-4fad-9fb6-2a992d84fd44%26subId%3D516467&usg=AOvVaw19C21P3oIBS4l5A1b2pr0R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">calls for the program to be aborted</a> or changed dramatically were long ignored.</p> <p>Those who were forced onto the BasicsCard as part of the intervention were not offered a consultation process by the Howard government. And now, the Labor government has also failed to embrace their views and opted for a path of more consultation.</p> <p>If Labor forces people to stay on the BasicsCard, what has it learnt from the CDC? Governments have spent more than $1 billion implementing the two failed compulsory income management schemes, and the new government has implicitly committed to spending more. Imagine what else this money could be going towards.</p> <p><strong>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/has-labor-learnt-from-the-failure-of-the-cashless-debit-card-188065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.</strong></p> <p><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p>

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‘Patently ridiculous’: State government failures have exacerbated Sydney’s flood disaster

<p>For the fourth time in 18 months, floodwaters have inundated homes and businesses in Western Sydney’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley. Recent torrential rain is obviously the immediate cause. But poor decisions by successive New South Wales governments have exacerbated the damage.</p> <p>The town of Windsor, in the Hawkesbury region, has suffered a particularly high toll, with dramatic flood heights of 9.3 metres in February 2020, 12.9m in March 2021 and 13.7m in March this year.</p> <p>As I write, flood heights at Windsor have reached nearly 14m. This is still considerably lower than the monster flood of 1867, which reached almost 20m. It’s clear that standard flood risk reduction measures, such as raising building floor levels, are not safe enough in this valley.</p> <p>We’ve known about the risk of floods to the region for a long time. Yet successive state governments have failed to properly mitigate its impact. Indeed, recent urban development policies by the current NSW government will multiply the risk.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">BBC weather putting Sydney’s downpour into context. <br />More rain there in 4 days than London gets in a year. <a href="https://t.co/FDkBCYGlK7">pic.twitter.com/FDkBCYGlK7</a></p> <p>— Brett Mcleod (@Brett_McLeod) <a href="https://twitter.com/Brett_McLeod/status/1544071890431623169?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 4, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p><strong>We knew this was coming</strong></p> <p>A 22,000 square kilometre catchment covering the Blue Mountains and Western Sydney drains into the Hawkesbury-Nepean river system. The system faces an <a href="https://theconversation.com/sydneys-disastrous-flood-wasnt-unprecedented-were-about-to-enter-a-50-year-period-of-frequent-major-floods-158427" target="_blank" rel="noopener">extreme flood risk</a> because gorges restrict the river’s seaward flow, often causing water to rapidly fill up the valley after heavy rain.</p> <p>Governments have known about the flood risks in the valley for more than two centuries. Traditional Owners have known about them for millennia. In 1817, Governor Macquarie lamented:</p> <blockquote> <p>it is impossible not to feel extremely displeased and Indignant at [colonists] Infatuated Obstinacy in persisting to Continue to reside with their Families, Flocks, Herds, and Grain on those Spots Subject to the Floods, and from whence they have often had their prosperity swept away.</p> </blockquote> <p>Macquarie’s was the first in a long line of governments to do nothing effective to reduce the risk. The latest in this undistinguished chain is the NSW Planning Minister Anthony Roberts.</p> <p>In March, Roberts <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/nsw-planning-minister-scraps-order-to-consider-flood-fire-risks-before-building-20220321-p5a6kc.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reportedly revoked</a> his predecessor’s directive to better consider flood and other climate risks in planning decisions, to instead favour housing development.</p> <p>Roberts’ predecessor, Rob Stokes, had required that the Department of Planning, local governments and developers consult Traditional Owners, manage risks from climate change, and make information public on the risks of natural disasters. This could have helped limit development on floodplains.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Michael Greenway knows that as soon as he sees floodwater, it’s time to get the three boxes of family photos and move to higher ground. He’s lived in his Richards home for years and has experienced six floods - three of which have been this year <a href="https://t.co/t8Tgckc5lx">https://t.co/t8Tgckc5lx</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NSWFloods?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NSWFloods</a> <a href="https://t.co/ErN6sf6hBn">pic.twitter.com/ErN6sf6hBn</a></p> <p>— Laura Chung (@Laura_R_Chung) <a href="https://twitter.com/Laura_R_Chung/status/1543890156675276800?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 4, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p><strong>Why are we still building there?</strong></p> <p>The Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley is currently home to 134,000 people, a population <a href="https://www.infrastructure.nsw.gov.au/expert-advice/hawkesbury-nepean-flood-risk-management-strategy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">projected to</a> double by 2050.</p> <p>The potential <a href="https://theconversation.com/to-stop-risky-developments-in-floodplains-we-have-to-tackle-the-profit-motive-and-our-false-sense-of-security-184062?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=bylinetwitterbutton" target="_blank" rel="noopener">economic returns</a> from property development are a key driver of the <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/26393302" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lack of effective action</a> to reduce flood risk.</p> <p>In the valley, for example, billionaire Kerry Stokes’ company Seven Group is <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/how-raising-the-warragamba-dam-wall-could-be-a-win-for-billionaire-kerry-stokes-20220222-p59yke.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reportedly a part owner</a> of almost 2,000 hectares at Penrith Lakes by the Nepean River, where a 5,000-home development has been mooted.</p> <p>Planning in Australia often uses the 1-in-100-year flood return interval as a safety standard. <a href="https://nccarf.edu.au/living-floods-key-lessons-australia-and-abroad/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This is not appropriate</a>. Flood risk in the valley is increasing with climate change, and development in the catchment increases the speed of runoff from paved surfaces.</p> <p>The historical 1-in-100 year safety standard is particularly inappropriate in the valley, because of the extreme risk of rising water cutting off low-lying roads and completely submerging residents cut-off in extreme floods.</p> <p>What’s more, a “medium” climate change scenario will see a <a href="https://www.infrastructure.nsw.gov.au/expert-advice/hawkesbury-nepean-flood-risk-management-strategy/resources/publications-and-resources/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">14.6% increase</a> in rainfall by 2090 west of Sydney. This is projected to increase the 1-in-100 year flood height at Windsor from 17.3m to 18.4m.</p> <p>The NSW government should impose a much higher standard of flood safety before approving new residential development. In my view, it would be prudent to only allow development that could withstand the 20m height of the 1867 flood.</p> <p><strong>No dam can control the biggest floods</strong></p> <p>The NSW government’s primary proposal to reduce flood risk is to <a href="https://www.infrastructure.nsw.gov.au/expert-advice/hawkesbury-nepean-flood-risk-management-strategy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">raise Warragamba Dam</a> by 14m.</p> <p>There are many reasons this <a href="https://www.giveadam.org.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">proposal should be questioned</a>. They include the potential inundation not just of <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/traditional-owners-launch-federal-bid-to-stop-raising-of-warragamba-dam-wall-20210128-p56xkt.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cultural sites</a> of the Gundungarra nation, but threatened species populations, and part of the Blue Mountains World Heritage Area.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.infrastructure.nsw.gov.au/media/2855/infrastructure-nsw-resilient-valley-resilient-communities-2017-jan.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cost-benefit analysis</a> used to justify the proposal <a href="https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/committees/inquiries/Pages/inquiry-submission-details.aspx?pk=65507" target="_blank" rel="noopener">did not count</a> these costs, nor the benefits of alternative measures such as upgrading escape roads.</p> <p>Perversely, flood control dams and levee banks often result in higher flood risks. That’s because none of these structures stop the biggest floods, and they provide an illusion of safety that justifies more risky floodplain development.</p> <p>The current NSW transport minister <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/emergency-minister-says-raising-dam-wall-could-lead-to-more-development-on-floodplain-20210329-p57evo.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">suggested such development</a> in the valley last year. Similar development occurred with the construction of the Wivenhoe Dam in 1984, which hasn’t prevented extensive flooding in <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/26393302" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brisbane</a> in 2011 and 2022.</p> <p>These are among the reasons the NSW Parliament Select Committee on the Proposal to Raise the Warragamba Dam Wall <a href="https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/committees/listofcommittees/Pages/committee-details.aspx?pk=262#tab-reportsandgovernmentresponses" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recommended</a> last October that the state government:</p> <blockquote> <p>not proceed with the Warragamba Dam wall raising project [and] pursue alternative floodplain management strategies instead.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>What the government should do instead</strong></p> <p>The NSW government now has an opportunity to overcome two centuries of failed governance.</p> <p>It could take substantial measures to keep homes off the floodplain and out of harm’s way. We need major <a href="https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/committees/inquiries/Pages/inquiry-submission-details.aspx?pk=65507" target="_blank" rel="noopener">new measures</a> including:</p> <ul> <li>preventing new development</li> <li>relocating flood prone residents</li> <li>building better evacuation roads</li> <li>lowering the water storage level behind Warragamba Dam.</li> </ul> <p>The NSW government should help residents to relocate from the most flood-prone places and restore floodplains. This has been undertaken for many Australian towns and cities, such as <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420914000028" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Grantham</a>, Brisbane, and <a href="https://nccarf.edu.au/living-floods-key-lessons-australia-and-abroad" target="_blank" rel="noopener">along major rivers worldwide</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/5/4/1580/htm#B10-water-05-01580" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Relocating residents isn’t easy</a>, and any current Australian buyback and relocation programs are voluntary.</p> <p>I think it’s in the public interest to go further and, for example, compulsorily acquire or relocate those with destroyed homes, rather than allowing them to rebuild in harm’s way. This approach offers certainty for flood-hit people and lowers community impacts in the longer term.</p> <p>It is patently ridiculous to rebuild on sites that have been flooded multiple times in two years.</p> <p>In the case of the Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley, there are at least <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/federal-government-insurers-stop-housing-in-floodrisk-zones/news-story/cba71269eff2b0ea00d93445ff0e9f73" target="_blank" rel="noopener">5,000 homes</a> below the 1-in-100-year flood return interval. This includes roughly <a href="https://www.hawkesburygazette.com.au/story/7657492/near-1000-flood-related-home-insurance-claims-already-in-hawkesbury/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">1,000 homes flooded</a> in March.</p> <p>The NSW government says a buyback program would be <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/farcical-minister-shoots-down-flood-relocation-says-residents-know-the-risks-20220308-p5a2qg.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">too expensive</a>. Yet, the cost would be comparable to the roughly $2 billion needed to raise Warragamba Dam, or the government’s $5 billion WestInvest fund.</p> <p>An alternative measure to raising the dam is to lower the water storage level in Warragamba Dam by 12m. This would reduce the amount of drinking water stored to supply Sydney, and would provide some flood control space.</p> <p>The city’s water supply would then need to rely more on the existing desalination plant, a <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032116001817" target="_blank" rel="noopener">strategy assessed as cost effective</a> and with the added benefit of bolstering drought resilience.</p> <p>The flood damage seen in NSW this week was entirely predictable. Measures that could significantly lower flood risk are expensive and politically hard. But as flood risks worsen with climate change, they’re well worth it.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/186304/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jamie-pittock-7562" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jamie Pittock</a>, Professor, Fenner School of Environment &amp; Society, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/australian-national-university-877" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Australian National University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/patently-ridiculous-state-government-failures-have-exacerbated-sydneys-flood-disaster-186304" target="_blank" rel="noopener">original article</a>.</em></p>

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Arctic cod liver oil for immune vitality and healthy ageing

<p>Cod liver oil has been used for centuries in Scandinavian societies to help people, young and old, stay healthy throughout the year. Fresh cod liver oil is an excellent source of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Unlike most fish oil products, cod liver oil is unique in that it naturally contains a higher ratio of DHA to EPA, and typically delivers omega-3s in the triglyceride molecular form, the best form for their absorption by the body. Both EPA and DHA play vital roles in aspects of healthy ageing and immune function by influencing muscle and bone mass, mobility, energy, immune responses, and cognitive performance. Ensuring adequate intake of omega-3s with cod liver oil is an easy lifestyle change that can have a positive effect on many aspects of health. Here are some of the most notable omega-3 benefits of cod liver oil (a.k.a. CLO).</p> <p><strong>Omega-3s in CLO can support immune health via the gut </strong></p> <p>Having an overabundance of unhealthy gut bacteria can impair the immune system and accelerate the ageing process. Diet and lifestyle choices—including omega-3 consumption—are key factors for helping to establish a favourable environment for beneficial gut bacteria. Some studies have shown that increased consumption of omega-3s helps promote the growth of “good bacteria” in your gut, while other studies have shown a positive connection between adequate amounts of beneficial gut bacteria and a healthier immune response.</p> <p><strong>Omega-3 intake may influence muscle and bone strength</strong></p> <p>As we age, our immune system produces higher blood levels of inflammatory proteins that may impair muscle and bone health. Omega-3s supplements may support healthier blood levels of these age-associated proteins. Several studies report that people with higher dietary intake of omega-3s tend to have stronger muscles, increased exercise capacity, and denser bones. So, consider a cod liver oil for musculoskeletal health.</p> <p><strong>Omega-3s may help counter the effects of stress </strong></p> <p>Chronic stress increases the hormone cortisol, which can negatively impact immune health, especially if it remains elevated over a period of time. Some research studies have shown that omega-3 supplements may reduce the body’s production of cortisol. Furthermore, people who are “stressed out” tend to already have lower blood levels of the omega-3s EPA and DHA, potentially making it even more important for these individuals to consume supplemental omega-3s in order to keep from getting sick.</p> <p><strong>Omega-3s in CLO provide the building blocks for lasting, healthy skin </strong></p> <p>The skin is the largest organ in the body that also contains significant amounts of omega-3s. Due to years of exposure to ultraviolet light, toxins, and various irritants, the skin requires nutrients like omega-3s to help counter these stresses at the cellular level. The skin barrier is an important structure that protects the body and helps maintain a youthful appearance. Adequate intake of omega-3s supports skin cell functions, promotes the skin barrier, and increases the skin’s ability to retain water—a primary component of healthy skin. Because a portion of the omega-3s we consume eventually makes its way into the skin, these essential fats are vital for skin health.</p> <p><strong>Omega-3s in CLO support cardiovascular health</strong></p> <p>As we age, blood vessels stiffen, and blood pressure tends to increase, which places additional stress on the heart. Studies suggest that diets rich in omega-3s support healthy blood vessels, and several have reported that omega-3 supplements promote positive blood vessel health scores. Additionally, preliminary research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may also help reduce oxidative stress within the blood vessels, promoting an optimal environment for the vasculature.</p> <p><strong>Choosing the right cod liver oil </strong></p> <p>Because most CLO is non-concentrated, these supplements offer omega-3s in the triglyceride molecular form, the same form in which EPA and DHA naturally exist in fish, and the form that ensures optimal digestion and absorption of omega-3s by the body. If you are ever unsure about the particular form of a CLO supplement (or any fish oil supplement), check the brand’s website or call their customer service department. This information is important, and should be easy for them to provide.</p> <p>It is also a good idea to select a CLO product that is from wild-caught sustainable cod, and that does not contain synthetic additives. Arctic cod from Norway are often sourced using small boats owned and operated by independent cod fishermen, so demand for Arctic cod supports local fishing communities. Also, these boats leave and return daily which means they have a much shorter transport time from catch to processing than larger trawling vessels. This short time helps maximise fish oil freshness, and the efficacy of the omega-3 fats in Arctic Cod Liver Oil.</p> <p>In closing, CLOs have many unique benefits, but do not take our word for it – try it and see for yourself.</p> <p><strong>Use the code HEALTHYME when ordering online and get your delivery freight free. Only for a limited time. Order at </strong><a href="https://bit.ly/3FkXAFE" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>TheraHealth.com.au</strong></a><strong> or find a local </strong><a href="https://bit.ly/3vJY054" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>stockist near you here</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p> <p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-59001" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/05/Author_O60.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="440" /></p> <p><em><strong>This is a sponsored article produced in partnership with <a href="https://bit.ly/3FkXAFE" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Thera Health</a>.</strong></em></p> <p><em><strong>Image: Shutterstock</strong></em></p>

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Are some fats good for you?

<p>We eat a variety of fats every day, from salad dressings and snack foods to savoury meats and buttery baked goods. Everyone knows that too much of some fats can cause problems, but many people do not realise that certain types of fats, called omega-3 fatty acids, are essential to maintaining good overall health and wellbeing.</p> <p>Omega-3 fats support health at the cellular level, where they help give cell membranes their structure, enabling them to absorb and hold in nutrients and usher out waste. They also promote healthy cellular functions throughout the body, supporting vital nervous and immune system functions, and more.</p> <p>Getting enough of these foundational “good fats” is an important part of supporting optimal health –especially as we grow older. The most effective ways to obtain healthy omega-3 fats are through diet and supplementation. But for many people, maintaining a diet with plentiful regular servings of oily, fatty fish can be a challenge. That is why high-quality omega-3 supplements provide a convenient, safe, and reliable way for everyone to get the omega-3 nutrients we all need, day after day.</p> <p>Cod liver oil is the classic omega-3 supplement. For centuries, it has been used in Scandinavian societies to help keep young and older people healthy during the long and cold Arctic winters. Arctic cod are naturally rich in the omega-3 fats EPA and DHA that our bodies need for healthy brain, eye, heart and nervous system function. Omega-3s found in cod liver oil also help support a healthy immune system, joint mobility and cellular health as we age.</p> <p>Since 1995, Nordic Naturals’ award-winning Arctic Cod Liver Oil has delivered impeccably pure, great-tasting cod liver oil to customers across the globe. Made exclusively from wild-caught Arctic cod from sustainable Norway fisheries, Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver Oil contains omega-3s in the triglyceride form, the same form that these fats naturally exist in fish, and the form the body can best recognise and use. And, like all Nordic Naturals products, Arctic Cod Liver Oil meets strict international standards for fish oil purity and quality. Unlike other “cod liver oils” on the market, no fish body oils or synthetic vitamins or additives are ever used.</p> <p>Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver oil comes in a variety of delicious flavours for taking right off the spoon or mixing into your favourite food and drink, and are so fresh and tasty you can barely tell they’re from fish! Also available in convenient, lemon-flavoured soft-gels.</p> <p><strong><em>Use the code GOODFATS when ordering online and get your delivery freight free. Only for a limited time. Order at </em></strong><strong><em><a href="https://bit.ly/3IeaRQe" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TheraHealth.com.au</a>.</em></strong></p> <p><em><strong>This is a sponsored article produced in partnership with <a style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;" href="https://bit.ly/3hX4Jlg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Thera Health</a>.</strong></em></p> <p><em><strong>Article Written by Rob Hughes from Nordic Naturals.</strong></em></p> <p>Image: Shutterstock</p>

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Coffee may prevent chronic liver disease

<div class="copy"> <p>Drinking coffee – whichever way you take it – may reduce the risk of liver disease, according to a new <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10991-7" target="_blank">study</a> published in the journal <em>BMC Public Health.</em></p> <p>A team of researchers, from the universities of Southampton and Edinburgh in the UK, analysed <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/" target="_blank">UK Biobank</a> data on 495,585 participants, followed over roughly 11 years, to monitor the development of chronic liver disease and its relationship to coffee consumption.</p> <p>Coffee drinkers had a 21% reduced risk of chronic liver disease and a 49% reduced risk of death from liver disease, according to the study. The maximum benefit was found among those who drank ground coffee, which contains high levels of the ingredients kahweol and cafestol – which have been <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17590492/" target="_blank">shown</a> to be beneficial against liver disease in animal trials.</p> <p>But even instant coffee, which has low levels of these two key ingredients, had a marked benefit in reducing risk of liver disease, suggesting other ingredients or combinations are also beneficial.</p> <p>The find is important because chronic liver disease is a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554597/" target="_blank">growing cause</a> of morbidity and mortality worldwide.</p> <p>“Coffee is widely accessible and the benefits we see from our study may mean it could offer a potential preventative treatment for chronic liver disease,” says lead author Oliver Kennedy, of the University of Southampton. “This would be especially valuable in countries with lower income and worse access to healthcare and where the burden of chronic liver disease is highest.”</p> <p>Coffee has <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/coffee-and-health/faq-20058339" target="_blank">often had a bad rap</a>, with early studies suggesting negative health impacts and a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://hellogiggles.com/lifestyle/health-fitness/health-benefits-caffeine-free/" target="_blank">bevy</a> of health gurus and online blogs espousing the benefits of abandoning the drink. But in recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of coffee against a range of illnesses, including <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1125458/" target="_blank">Parkinson’s disease</a>, <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/2/398" target="_blank">type 2 diabetes</a>, and <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006799" target="_blank">heart failure</a>.</p> <p>The authors conducted their research based on the “biological plausibility” of coffee as a preventive factor in liver disease. Caffeine is a non-selective antagonist of the A2aA receptor. When activated, the A2aA receptor stimulates collagen production by hepatic stellate cells, which mitigate against liver fibrosis. Other active ingredients including kahweol, cafestol and chlorogenic acid have also been shown to protect against fibrosis in animal studies.</p> <p>The authors note that coffee consumption was only reported at initial enrolment into the study, so long-term changes in consumption are not accounted for. The participants in the study were also predominantly white and from higher socio-economic backgrounds, skewing the results towards particular physiologies and lifestyle factors, highlighting the need for further research.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> </div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/coffee-may-prevent-chronic-liver-disease/">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Amalyah Hart. </em></p> </div>

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Healthy humans drive the economy: we’re now witnessing one of the worst public policy failures in Australia’s history

<p>Australians are getting a stark reminder about how value is actually created in an economy, and how supply chains truly work.</p> <p>Ask chief executives where value comes from and they will credit their own smart decisions that inflate shareholder wealth. Ask logistics experts how supply chains work and they will wax eloquent about ports, terminals and trucks. Politicians, meanwhile, highlight nebulous intangibles like “investor confidence” – enhanced, presumably, by their own steady hands on the tiller.</p> <p>The reality of value-added production and supply is much more human than all of this. It is people who are the driving force behind production, distribution and supply.</p> <p>Labour – human beings getting out of bed and going to work, using their brains and brawn to produce actual goods and services – is the only thing that adds value to the “free gifts” we harvest from nature. It’s the only thing that puts food on supermarket shelves, cares for sick people and teaches our children.</p> <p>Even the technology used to enhance workers’ productivity – or sometimes even replace them – is ultimately the culmination of other human beings doing their jobs. The glorious complexity of the whole economy boils down to human beings, using raw materials extracted and tools built by other human beings, working to produce goods and services.</p> <h2>A narrow, distorted economic lens</h2> <p>The economy doesn’t work if people can’t work. So the first economic priority during a pandemic must be to keep people healthy enough to keep working, producing, delivering and buying.</p> <p>That some political and business leaders have, from the outset of COVID-19, consistently downplayed the economic costs of mass illness, reflects a narrow, distorted economic lens. We’re now seeing the result – one of the worst public policy failures in Australia’s history.</p> <p>The Omicron variant is tearing through Australia’s workforce, from <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/nurses-are-in-despair-as-staffing-shortages-bite-in-nsw-hospitals-20220103-p59ljc.html?fbclid=IwAR3obDpqk7Muu2xpOA1H7MH2D2TuxPIzMQrL_NKk2QoKHA2LriWoRcmRO8o">health care</a> and <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/hundreds-of-nsw-childcare-centres-shut-due-to-covid-20220104-p59ls4.html">child care</a>, to <a href="https://www.edenmagnet.com.au/story/7575635/knock-on-effects-through-supply-chain-despite-eased-covid-rules-for-workers/">agriculture</a> and <a href="https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9388733/omicron-has-now-put-us-in-a-desperate-situation-in-regards-to-workers-shortage-and-shipping-issues/">manufacturing</a>, to <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-06/supermarket-shortage-supply-chain-truck-driver-covid/100741392">transportation and logistics</a>, to <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/surf-lifesavers-and-students-fill-paramedic-shifts-as-omicron-spreads-20220108-p59mrq.html">emergency services</a>.</p> <p>The result is an unprecedented, and preventable, economic catastrophe. This catastrophe was visited upon us by leaders – NSW Premier Dom Perrotet and Prime Minister Scott Morrison in particular – on the grounds they were protecting the economy. Like a Mafia kingpin extorting money, this is the kind of “protection” that can kill you.</p> <h2>Effect as bad as lockdowns</h2> <p>On a typical day in normal times, between <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/labour-force-australia/nov-2021/EM2b.xlsx">3% and 4% of employed Australians</a> miss work due to their own illness. Multiple reports from NSW indicate up to half of workers are now absent due to COVID: because they contracted it, were exposed to it, or must care for someone (like children barred from child care) because of it. With infections still spreading, this will get worse in the days ahead.</p> <p>Staffing shortages have left hospitals in chaos, supermarket shelves empty, supply chains paralysed. ANZ Bank data, for example, shows <a href="https://twitter.com/ANZ_Research/status/1479284711151345666?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet">economic activity in Sydney</a> has fallen to a level lower than the worst lockdowns.</p> <hr /> <p><strong>Spending in Sydney and Melbourne now near lockdown conditions</strong></p> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/440169/original/file-20220111-17-1jp9jpu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/440169/original/file-20220111-17-1jp9jpu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="ANZ Bank data shows spending in Sydney and Melbourne has fallen to levels typical of lockdown conditions." /></a> <span class="caption"></span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">ANZ Research</span></span></p> <hr /> <p>If relaxing health restrictions in December (as Omicron was already spreading) was motivated by a desire to boost the economy, this is an own-goal for the history books.</p> <h2>Relaxing isolation rules</h2> <p>Now the response to Omicron ravaging labour supply is to relax isolation requirements for workers who have contracted, or been exposed to, COVID-19.</p> <p>The first step was to shift the goalposts on “test, trace, isolate and quarantine” arrangements by redefining “close contact”.</p> <p>On December 29 <a href="https://www.pm.gov.au/media/press-conference-kirribilli-nsw-10">the Prime Minister said</a> it was important to move to a new definition “that enables Australia to keep moving, for people to get on with their lives”. The next day National Cabinet <a href="https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-cabinet-statement-12">approved a definition</a> such that only individuals having spent at least four hours indoors with a COVID-infected person needed to isolate.</p> <p>Australians certainly want supply chains to keep moving. That won’t happen by simply pretending someone with three hours and 59 minutes of face-to-face indoor contact with Omicron is safe. Putting asymptomatic but exposed and potentially infected people back to work will only accelerate the spread.</p> <p>The second step has been to reduce the isolation period for those who do pass this tougher “close contact” test. At its December 30 meeting National Cabinet agreed to a standard isolation period of seven days (ten days in South Australia), <a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/gp-opinion/so-you-have-been-asked-to-self-isolate-or-quaranti">down from 14 days</a>.</p> <p>For “critical workers” in essential services including food logistics, the NSW and Queensland governments <a href="https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/at-work/isolation-rules-relaxed-for-critical-workers-as-nsw-battles-supply-chain-issues/news-story/2b97ef133f6c3caff9dcd5bc548cc58b">have gone even further</a>, allowing employers to call them back to work so long as they are asymptomatic.</p> <h2>Snatching defeat from the jaws of victory</h2> <p>This follows a <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1227-isolation-quarantine-guidance.html">US precedent</a>, despite <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMc2102507?articleTools=true">scientific evidence</a> indicating contagion commonly lasts longer than 5 days.</p> <p>Employers will use this change to pressure exposed and even sick workers to return to work, risking their own health, colleagues, customers, and inevitably spreading the virus further.</p> <p>Copying US COVID protocols only guarantees US-style infection rates. In fact, since 5 January, Australia’s seven-day rolling average infections per million <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer?zoomToSelection=true&amp;time=2021-03-30..latest&amp;facet=none&amp;pickerSort=desc&amp;pickerMetric=total_cases_per_million&amp;hideControls=true&amp;Metric=Confirmed+cases&amp;Interval=7-day+rolling+average&amp;Relative+to+Population=true&amp;Color+by+test+positivity=false&amp;country=USA%7EAUS">now exceed that of the US</a>.</p> <hr /> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/440179/original/file-20220111-21-zzh3bj.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/440179/original/file-20220111-21-zzh3bj.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people, Australia compared to United States." /></a> <span class="caption"></span> <span class="attribution"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer?zoomToSelection=true&amp;time=2021-03-30..latest&amp;facet=none&amp;pickerSort=desc&amp;pickerMetric=total_cases_per_million&amp;hideControls=true&amp;Metric=Confirmed+cases&amp;Interval=7-day+rolling+average&amp;Relative+to+Population=true&amp;Color+by+test+positivity=false&amp;country=USA~AUS" class="source">Our Wold in Data</a>, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="license">CC BY</a></span></p> <hr /> <p>From one of the best COVID responses in the world to one of the worst, Australia has snatched defeat from the jaws of victory.</p> <h2>It’s not too late to limit the carnage</h2> <p>The idea that health considerations <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/oct/07/its-an-economic-crisis-too-in-nsw-what-a-difference-a-new-premier-makes">had to be balanced with economic interests</a> was always a false dichotomy. A healthy economy requires healthy workers and healthy consumers.</p> <p>The Omicron surge has created an economic emergency that will be difficult to endure.</p> <p>But it’s not too late to limit further avoidable contagion. Infection prevention practices (including masks, capacity limits, prohibitions on group indoor activities, PPE and distancing in workplaces, and free and accessible rapid tests) must be restored and enforced.</p> <p>Income supports for workers who stay home must be restored. Staffing strategies need to emphasise steady, secure jobs, rather than outsourcing and gig arrangements which have facilitated contagion.</p> <p>Above all, our policy makers need to remember the economy is composed of human beings, and refocus their attention on keeping people healthy. Protecting people is the only thing that can protect the economy.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/174606/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jim-stanford-521684">Jim Stanford</a>, Economist and Director, Centre for Future Work, Australia Institute; Honorary Professor of Political Economy, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841">University of Sydney</a></em></span></p> <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/healthy-humans-drive-the-economy-were-now-witnessing-one-of-the-worst-public-policy-failures-in-australias-history-174606">original article</a>.</p> <p><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p>

Retirement Income

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A failure at 6? Data-driven assessment isn’t helping young children’s learning

<p>Children’s <a href="https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/edcare/veyldframework.pdf">early years</a> from birth to the age of eight are crucial for their social, emotional and intellectual development. However, early years education in Australia is fragmented. It operates across two spaces, the pre-compulsory period, often called early childhood education, and the first three years of compulsory schooling.</p> <p>In recent times the focus in these three years has been on assessment that produces numerical data. Teachers need to demonstrate children are meeting standards.</p> <p>In contrast, in the pre-compulsory years the focus is on observing and interacting with the child. Practices are based on the belief that all children have agency and are capable learners.</p> <p>A chasm has opened up between these <a href="https://www.routledge.com/Early-Childhood-and-Compulsory-Education-Reconceptualising-the-relationship/Moss/p/book/9780415687744">separate education systems</a>. Children go from playing to being tested in the blink of an eye. This abrupt change in young children’s education is problematic.</p> <h2>What does research tell us about the early years?</h2> <p>A <a href="https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/391647/Dunn356707Accepted.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y">2015 review</a> of research on best practices in the early years identified key factors in successful teaching and learning. The review noted the importance of:</p> <ul> <li> <p>a smooth transition between pre-school education and compulsory school education</p> </li> <li> <p>play-based learning</p> </li> <li> <p>seeing children as capable and having agency in their learning</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/speakinglistening/Pages/teachingpracdialogic.aspx">dialogic interactions</a> involving <a href="https://earlychildhood.qld.gov.au/earlyYears/Documents/language-dialogic-in-action.pdf">rich discussions</a> between children and between children and teachers.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Australia has introduced a mandated curriculum and a national assessment program in primary schools. The review noted this meant many early years teachers have adopted a more formalised and narrow approach to learning in schools. It isn’t appropriate for young children.</p> <p>We can see the resulting <a href="https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/en/publications/where-are-the-early-years-of-school-in-contemporary-early-childho">divide between non-compulsory and compulsory</a> early years education in Victoria. On the one hand, teachers need to acknowledge the needs of children from birth to eight years. On the other hand, for those between the ages of five and 12, the <a href="https://victoriancurriculum.vcaa.vic.edu.au/">Victorian Curriculum</a> requires teachers to assess and report against curriculum standards.</p> <p>The focus on formal assessment and numerical data in the early years of schooling means children as young as six can be labelled as failing. In countries like Finland and Singapore, which have been <a href="https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/strongperformers/">identified</a> as <a href="http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/pirls2016/international-results/pirls/student-achievement/pirls-achievement-results/">high-performing</a>, children do not even <a href="https://expatchild.com/school-starting-ages-around-world/">begin formal schooling</a> before the age of six or seven.</p> <p><iframe src="https://data.worldbank.org/share/widget?indicators=SE.PRM.AGES&amp;type=shaded&amp;view=map" width="100%" height="380" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p> <p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/ciec.2014.15.2.185">One study</a> has described the early years in countries like the United Kingdom, America and Australia as being at the mercy of top-down policy development, leading to “a highly prescriptive and assessment-driven early years climate”. <a href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Datafication-of-Primary-and-Early-Years-Education-Playing-with-Numbers/Bradbury-Roberts-Holmes/p/book/9781138242173">UK researchers</a> have identified the “datafication” of early years education and its impacts on children and teachers. And <a href="https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/a-sociological-analysis-of-australias-naplan-and-my-school-senate">Australian researchers</a> used the term “adultification” to describe the unrealistic expectations placed on young children.</p> <h2>So what happens in our schools?</h2> <p>My doctoral <a href="https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/268186">research</a> found “datafication” and “adultification” defined the early years of schooling in Victoria. I engaged with more than 100 early-years teachers to explore their literacy teaching and assessment practices. The recurring theme was these teachers were expected to frequently assess young children in formal ways that provided numerical data.</p> <p>Teachers voiced frustration. One described the early years as “death by assessment”. Another lamented that community expectations were unreasonable, saying “people are hung up on data, numbers”.</p> <p>There was an overwhelming sense that the teachers knew their children best and should be given the agency to assess and plan for literacy teaching rather than being required to use a suite of commercially produced assessment tools.</p> <p>The Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (<a href="https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/edcare/veyldframework.pdf">VEYLDF</a>) is designed to support early years teachers working with children and families. Its premise is that children have the greatest opportunities to develop neural pathways for learning and are also most vulnerable to negative experiences from birth to eight years.</p> <p>The framework is based on research into best practice for children in these years. Rather than formal assessment based on numbers, the VEYLDF advocates for assessment that is authentic and responsive to how all children can best demonstrate their learning and development.</p> <p>The Victorian Education Department <a href="https://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/professionals/learning/Pages/veyldf.aspx">encourages</a> teachers in schools to use the framework. However, little is known about how many actually use the framework to inform teaching and learning.</p> <p>Making it mandatory to report against curriculum standards from the time children begin compulsory schooling sets the boundaries for how many teachers operate. It is hard to have a foot in both camps when reporting against these standards is mandatory and you feel compelled to prepare children for what comes next – which includes <a href="https://www.nap.edu.au/">NAPLAN</a>, the national assessment program.</p> <p><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/432555/original/file-20211118-18-1xgrfo5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="Group of laughing and smiling children together among trees" /> <span class="caption">‘Death by assessment’ threatens the joy young children find in learning.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock</span></span></p> <h2>Schools can still let children be children</h2> <p>However, some schools are turning their backs on the relentless measuring of young children’s attainments. <a href="https://www.sjfootscray.catholic.edu.au/">St John’s</a>, a multicultural primary school in Melbourne’s inner west, is one example. You only need to look at the school <a href="https://www.sjfootscray.catholic.edu.au/learning/">website</a> to see its philosophy differs from many others.</p> <blockquote> <p>“St John’s Horizon [a school community-developed vision] clearly states ‘KIDS AT THE HEART’ which encapsulates our focus and belief in the image of the child – the child who is capable, curious, full of wonder, rich in knowledge, able to construct and co-construct his or her own learning. We believe in JOY – Joy in learning.”</p> </blockquote> <p>A conversation with the then principal, Gemma Goodyear, gave me an insight into these beliefs, which are inspired by teaching and learning in schools in <a href="https://www.reggiochildren.it/en/reggio-emilia-approach/">Reggio Emilia</a>, Italy. Goodyear said children do not come to school to be “fixed”, and the teachers engage them by providing meaningful, contextualised learning experiences. And, yes, through their focus on rich learning they still get great results without relentless testing.</p> <p>It is time to revisit the early years of schooling and ensure teachers have the skills and understandings they need to support learners in this phase. These years should be a time when children become engaged and excited about learning, a time of great joy, and a time when children are allowed to be children.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/169463/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/martina-tassone-1270226">Martina Tassone</a>, Early Childhood and Primary Course Coordinator and Language and Literacy Lecturer, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-melbourne-722">The University of Melbourne</a></em></span></p> <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/a-failure-at-6-data-driven-assessment-isnt-helping-young-childrens-learning-169463">original article</a>.</p> <p><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p>

Family & Pets

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Tragedy strikes Sharon Stone’s family

<p>Sharon Stone has revealed her 11-month old nephew and godson, River, has died only days after he was found in his crib with 'total organ failure' that left him clinging to life in a coma.</p> <p>The <em>Basic Instinct </em>star, whose video tribute is set to Eric Clapton's <em>Tears in Heaven</em>, revealed the tragic news on Monday via her Instagram account.</p> <p>Stone took to her Instagram account, asking fans to pray for River saying he would need a ‘miracle’ to survive.</p> <p>He was the youngest child of Stone's brother, Patrick, and his wife, Tasha, who live in Ohio with their three children.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CTNcofsJlLC/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="13"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CTNcofsJlLC/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Sharon Stone (@sharonstone)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>While sharing the news of his death, Stone posted a video of her nephew with the caption: 'River William Stone. Sept 8, 2020 - Aug 30, 2021'</p> <p>It is still unknown at this time exactly what happened to the child and Stone has not yet shared any other information about his passing.</p> <p><strong>River’s mother posted a plea for prayers</strong></p> <p>River's mother Tasha also wrote an impassioned plea for prayers on her Facebook page last week, revealing that her son had been airlifted to UPMC Children's Hospital in Pittsburgh on Thursday, where he was fighting for his life in a coma.</p> <p>Tasha wrote: 'This is the HARDEST thing I have ever had to post but I am BEGGING everyone and anyone who prays please pray HARD for River,' the devastated mother wrote. 'Every single second of this is literally killing me. I just want my sweet sweet boy back.'</p> <p>She didn't share the cause of her son's condition but she said doctors had told her River would “never be the same” if he ever woke up from his coma.</p> <p>'The doctor said if he does pull through he will never be the same,' Tasha wrote on her Facebook post: 'Please I am begging for prayers that my baby can be healed and come back with his family who love him so very much. I am beyond heartbroken.'</p> <p>Neither Tasha or Patrick have commented as yet on their son's tragic passing, and no details about the causes of his illness have been shared.</p> <p><strong>Stone was in Venice when she heard about River<br /></strong></p> <p>Stone was in Venice, Italy, when news of River's condition was revealed and she returned to the US over the weekend.</p> <p>There are a number of severe medical conditions which can lead to multiple organ failure in children but the leading cause is sepsis, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information.</p> <p>Sepsis - which can be sparked by another infection in the body - is particularly dangerous for children, because the symptoms are more easily missed than they are in adult patients.</p> <p>Birth defects and other undiagnosed illness can also lead to paediatric organ failure but it is not yet known whether any of these conditions caused River's severe illness.</p> <p><em>Image: Instagram</em></p>

Caring

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Urgent warning over deadly pet food

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dog owners have been warned about a disease outbreak in Victoria, with owners being asked to check the origin of their pet food.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Agriculture Victoria has issued a warning for pet owners that pet food sourced from Gippsland between May 31 and July 1 should not be fed to dogs, due to potential contamination that has resulted in pets suffering liver failure.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a statement issued last week, Agriculture Victoria identified indospicine, a toxin found in </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indigofera</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> species of native plants, as the cause of the illness.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While herbivorous animals can often consume large amounts of plants from this species, dogs are especially susceptible to the toxin.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The current outbreak has resulted in 54 dogs being affected across Victoria, including 17 that have died.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The department has said all affected dogs were found to be “young, healthy and vaccinated”.</span></p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">Owners who have unwell dogs that were fed fresh or frozen raw pet food bought between 31 May and 3 July, should contact their vet immediately. <br />Ag Vic is supporting a PrimeSafe investigation into a cluster of dogs affected with severe liver disease.<a href="https://t.co/ks2ccPzwFd">https://t.co/ks2ccPzwFd</a> <a href="https://t.co/BibteOC9Ab">pic.twitter.com/BibteOC9Ab</a></p> — Agriculture Victoria (@VicGovAg) <a href="https://twitter.com/VicGovAg/status/1416285537959235589?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 17, 2021</a></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In their investigation into the cause of the deaths, the department has identified pet food to be one line of inquiry, and has issued a voluntary recall of fresh and frozen meat from a Gippsland knackery which is under investigation.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“At this stage the investigation has no conclusive evidence of how the dogs have ingested the toxin, with pet food sources remaining a primary focus,” the department said in the </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/primesafe-and-agriculture-victoria-statement-dog-liver-disease-cluster" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">statement</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“This complex investigation is ongoing with multiple lines of inquiry across the pet supply chain and testing continuing at laboratories across Australia.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The knackery under investigation issued a statement on their Facebook page.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Our hearts go out to all people and pets that have suffered or are still suffering as a result of the illness no matter how it was caused. We know people and animals are hurting - we are passionate dog and horse lovers ourselves - we understand people’s genuine pain, hurt and anger,” the statement reads.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to Agriculture Victoria, this is the first incidence of indospicine toxicity in the state.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Animals including cattle, camels, and horses are known to carry the toxin, according to the department, particularly in northern Australia.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Though the source of the toxin is yet to be determined, a number of samples of raw meat intended for pets are currently being analysed according to Yahoo News Australia.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These samples may include prescribed animals such as horses, fallen stock, and sealed dressed game such as kangaroos.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Following concerns regarding the spread of the disease to humans, Agriculture Victoria said in a statement the current outbreak is believed to only be affecting dogs.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Pets suffering from liver disease associated with indospicine toxicity do not pose a risk to people,” the department said in a statement.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“There are no indications of any risk to human health nor of human food safety issues associated with these cases to date.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Currently, a number of products issued between May 31 and July 3 have been recalled as a precaution, including:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Maffra District Knackery Mince</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Maffra District Knackery Kennel</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mafra District Knackery Horse</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Backman’s Greyhound Supplies Mince</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Backman’s Greyhound Supplies Kennel</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Backman’s Greyhound Supplies Horse</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Anyone who returns their product is entitled to refunds or exchanges.</span></p>

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“I take responsibility”: ScoMo takes the heat on vaccine rollout failure

<p><span>Prime Minister Scott Morrison has taken responsibility for the slow COVID-19 vaccine rollout.</span><br /><br /><span>"I take responsibility for the problems that we have had, but I am also taking responsibility for the solutions we're putting in place and the vaccination rates that we are now achieving," he said while in quarantine from the Prime Minister's residence, The Lodge.</span><br /><br /><span>The Australian leader says one million Aussies have received a dose of a COVID-19 vaccine in the past seven days.</span></p> <p><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7842593/scott-morrison.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/cf053ec9445a4f0b8128c8537f7c8b7c" /><br /><br /><span>In Mr Morrison’s words, the country is on track to be vaccinated by the end of 2021.</span><br /><br /><span>He said the program was about two months behind the planned schedule at the start of the year.</span><br /><br /><span>"We've had our challenges with this program, we've had significant challenges with this program, as many countries have," Mr Morrison said.</span><br /><br /><span>"What matters is how you fix the things that need to be fixed … today, with the most recent seven day's data, we finally hit that mark of a million doses in arms in a week."</span><br /><br /><span>So far, 10.5 million people have received a vaccination, and 14 per cent of Aussies over 16 years of age are fully vaccinated.</span><br /><br /><span>The Prime Minister said he has been in contact with the government's vaccine advisory group to discuss whether the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is preferred for people over 60.</span></p> <p><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7842590/scott-morrison-2.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/af27e7c574514b4dad8ac2b119a73433" /><br /><br /><span>"It's a constant appeal, it's a constant appeal, I can assure you," he said.</span><br /><br /><span>"They said they made that decision on the balance of risk, well it's now on them to constantly reconsider that risk."</span><br /><br /><span>The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) has stated that young people may be at a rare risk of developing blood clots from the AstraZeneca vaccine.</span><br /><br /><span>It revised that age up to 60 last month.</span><br /><br /><span>People under 50 are advised to wait for the Pfizer vaccine.</span></p> <p><em>Images: Getty</em></p>

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"She's a failure": Ita Buttrose cops direct spray from Michael Kroger

<p>Liberal Party powerbroker Michael Kroger has urged ABC chairwoman Ita Buttrose to "just resign", revealing senior cabinet ministers regret ever putting her in the job.</p> <p>In an epic spray on Sky News, Mr Kroger has described the businesswoman, founding editor of Cleo magazine and now Chairman of the ABC as "a failure" because the national broadcaster was anti-Liberal.</p> <p>“Ita should resign,’’ Mr Kroger told Sky News.</p> <p>“Ita has been a terrible failure. And I know there are many people in the Coalition, including people in the cabinet who regret her appointment.”</p> <p>Ms Buttrose, a former Australian of the Year, was made an Officer of the British Empire (OBE) in 1979 and an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 1998. She advanced to a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 2019.</p> <p>“She and some of those board members should go. She’s lost control of the Board. The Board has lost control of the managing director. The managing director has certainly lost control of news and current affairs,’’ Mr Kroger said.</p> <p>Mr Kroger, who served on the ABC board for five years, said the ABC could not be reformed because the left-wing staff ran the organisation in defiance of any outside interference.</p> <p>“The ABC staff are more powerful than ever,’’ he said.</p> <p>Mr Kroger went on to describe various programs as throwing “political acid” in the Liberal Party’s face.</p> <p>“They have weaponised Four Corners, Q&amp;A in particular, which is like political acid in the face of the Liberal Party,’’ he said.</p> <p>“It’s a shockingly biased program. The Drum, these current affairs shows are just weaponised against the Coalition.”</p> <p>The Liberal Party powerbroker then claimed that the ABC's flagship current affairs program had investigated the "behaviour" of a senior ALP figure but had failed to publish a story.</p> <p>“I mean Four Corners had evidence of behaviour of a senior Labor frontbencher that they have not put to air. They have not been put to air.</p> <p>“They’ve got a lot of evidence. Now, they give the usual reasons I gather on the grapevine that, “Oh, well there wasn’t quite enough.</p> <p>“Well, there wasn’t quite enough against Christian Porter. As they admitted the other day when they settled. And I take the view that Christian Porter did exceptionally well with this litigation. Because the ABC had to admit they were never able to prove this.”</p> <p>Sky Host Chris Kenny proceeded to accuse Mr Porter of rape, which is he denies, saying it was “disgusting stuff to put into the public arena.”</p> <p>Mr Kroger then ended the interview by again calling for Ms Buttrose to resign.</p> <p>“She’s a failure. She should resign. You can’t get everything right in life. Morrison has got pretty much everything else right. But this was a bad appointment by the Coalition cabinet.”</p> <p>“She’s been a hopeless failure. It’s more biased. This is like a train that has got no driver.”</p>

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Six immunity and healthy ageing benefits of taking a daily arctic cod liver oil supplement

<div id="primary" class="contentAreaLeft"> <div class="Maincontent"> <p><strong>Cod liver oil has been used for centuries in Scandinavian societies to help people, young and old, stay healthy throughout the year.</strong></p> <p>Fresh cod liver oil is an excellent source of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Unlike most fish oil products, cod liver oil is unique in that it naturally contains a higher ratio of DHA to EPA, and typically delivers omega-3s in the triglyceride molecular form, the best form for their absorption by the body. Both EPA and DHA play vital roles in aspects of healthy ageing and immune function by influencing muscle and bone mass, mobility, energy, immune responses, and cognitive performance.</p> <p>Ensuring adequate intake of omega-3s with cod liver oil is an easy lifestyle change that can have a positive effect on many aspects of health. Here are some of the most notable omega-3 benefits of cod liver oil (a.k.a. CLO).</p> <p><strong>1. Omega-3s in CLO can support immune health via the gut</strong></p> <p>Having an overabundance of unhealthy gut bacteria can impair the immune system and accelerate the ageing process. Diet and lifestyle choices—including omega-3 consumption—are key factors for helping to establish a favourable environment for beneficial gut bacteria. Some studies have shown that increased consumption of omega-3s helps promote the growth of “good bacteria” in your gut, while other studies have shown a positive connection between adequate amounts of beneficial gut bacteria and a healthier immune response.</p> <p><strong>2. Omega-3 intake may influence muscle and bone strength</strong></p> <p>As we age, our immune system produces higher blood levels of inflammatory proteins that may impair muscle and bone health. Omega-3s supplements may support healthier blood levels of these age-associated proteins. Several studies report that people with higher dietary intake of omega-3s tend to have stronger muscles, increased exercise capacity, and denser bones. So consider a cod liver oil (especially one with vitamin D) for musculoskeletal health.</p> <p><strong>3. Omega-3s may help counter the effects of stress</strong></p> <p>Chronic stress increases the hormone cortisol, which can negatively impact immune health, especially if it remains elevated over a period of time. Some research studies have shown that omega-3 supplements may reduce the body’s production of cortisol. Furthermore, people who are “stressed out” tend to already have lower blood levels of the omega-3s EPA and DHA, potentially making it even more important for these individuals to consume supplemental omega-3s in order to keep from getting sick.</p> <p><strong>4. Omega-3s in CLO provide the building blocks for lasting, healthy skin</strong></p> <p>The skin is the largest organ in the body that also contains significant amounts of omega-3s. Due to years of exposure to ultraviolet light, toxins, and various irritants, the skin requires nutrients like omega-3s to help counter these stresses at the cellular level. The skin barrier is an important structure that protects the body and helps maintain a youthful appearance. Adequate intake of omega-3s supports skin cell functions, promotes the skin barrier, and increases the skin’s ability to retain water—a primary component of healthy skin. Because a portion of the omega-3s we consume eventually makes its way into the skin, these essential fats are vital for skin health.</p> <p><strong>5. Omega-3s in CLO support cardiovascular health</strong></p> <p>As we age, blood vessels stiffen, and blood pressure tends to increase, which places additional stress on the heart. Studies suggest that diets rich in omega-3s support healthy blood vessels, and several have reported that omega-3 supplements promote positive blood vessel health scores. Additionally, preliminary research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may also help reduce oxidative stress within the blood vessels, promoting an optimal environment for the vasculature.</p> <p><strong>6. Higher intake of omega-3s is beneficial for eye moisture</strong></p> <p>People with higher dietary intake of omega-3s are less likely to experience symptoms of dry eyes, and they also tend to have healthier eye glands. Research has shown that omega-3 supplements can help stimulate the tear gland’s production of fatty oils on the eye surface. As ageing, and the use of digital devices like phones, tablets, and computers remain primary risk factors for eye dryness, consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s is a smart investment in long-term eye health.</p> <p><strong>Choosing the right cod liver oil</strong></p> <p>It’s a good idea to select a CLO product that’s from wild-caught sustainable cod, and that does not contain synthetic additives. Arctic Cod Liver Oil products are a good choice. Sustainable species like Arctic cod have several advantages. Arctic cod from Norway are often sourced using small boats owned and operated by independent cod fishermen, so demand for Arctic cod supports local fishing communities. Also, these boats leave and return daily which means they have a much shorter transport time from catch to processing than larger trawling vessels. This short time helps maximise fish oil freshness, and the efficacy of the omega-3 fats in Arctic Cod Liver Oil.</p> <p>By Warren Maginn, BHSc. (Nutr. Med.), GradCert. (Hum. Nutr.)<br /><em>Functional Nutritional Medicine Practitioner and Educator</em></p> <hr /> <p><strong>Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver Oil™ is made from 100% wild Arctic cod. Unlike other “cod liver oils” on the market, no fish body oils or synthetic vitamins or additives are ever used.</strong></p> <p>Nordic Naturals award-winning Arctic Cod Liver Oil™ is made exclusively from wild Arctic cod, and is an ideal choice to help boost immune system health during the colder months. Vertically integrated from catch to finished product, Arctic Cod Liver Oil far surpasses the strict European Pharmacopoeia Standard for fish oil purity and freshness. Simply put it’s some of freshest cod liver oil in the world.</p> <p>Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver oil recently won in the ‘Bone and Joint’ category of the Good Magazine Best of Natural Awards.</p> <p>Available from all good health stores. To find a store near you visit<span> </span><a href="http://www.therahealth.com.au/store-locator">http://www.therahealth.com.au/store-locator</a></p> <p><em>This article is sponsored content in conjunction with </em><a href="http://www.therahealth.com.au/"><em>Thera Health</em></a><em>.</em></p> </div> </div>

Body

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How I mastered baking a yeast bread from scratch after years of failure

<p>My introduction to baking started with the home-kitchen classic that cracks open the oven door for so many – chocolate chip cookies. It was the 1970s, and most of the mums in our largely Catholic neighbourhood were busy raising big families. For the girls in my house, that meant our mother made sure we knew our way around the kitchen. At the flour-dusted table, Mum taught eight-year-old me how to make the cookies perfectly chewy with a crispy exterior. (The big secret: Always chill your dough.)</p> <p>We crafted them by the dozen, measuring ingredients from yellow Tupperware containers and mixing everything in my mum’s aqua Butter­print Pyrex bowl, part of a set she’d received as a wedding gift in 1963. Friends who grew up in “fresh fruit is dessert” households could not get enough when they visited. And if they happened to come over when the cookie jar was empty, they were not shy about sharing their disappointment.</p> <p>So from a young age, I was crystal clear on the power of a baked-to-perfection cookie to make people happy. Baking cookies – then brownies, cakes and pies – became my hobby and a tasty form of social currency. First I used my skills with butter and sugar to impress a series of teenage boyfriends. In time, the fresh goodies were left on doorsteps to welcome new neighbours and set out in the break room for co-workers. Baking was my superpower.</p> <p>A few years ago, I became the content director for Taste of Home, Reader’s Digest’s sister magazine and website that celebrates the treasured recipes of home cooks. I’d never been more excited for a new job, but privately I worried that my baking chops wouldn’t measure up. Why? I had a secret as dark as an oven with a burned-out light bulb: While I had baked sweets my whole life, I’d never made a yeast bread from scratch.</p> <p>Mum couldn’t help me with this one. For her, store-bought frozen dough was her go-to when she needed “from scratch” bread. I understand why: Bread dough provides so many opportunities to fail. Cookies are forgiving. You can be a little off in your measurements, and, trust me, those cookies still disappear from the office break room. Not the case with yeast breads. Most recipes recommend weighing ingredients carefully, down to the gram.</p> <p>Then there’s the yeast. Yeast is fussy, the Goldilocks of ingredients. Mix it in water too cool and it won’t activate; too hot, and it dies. Yes, yeast is a living, one-celled member of the fungus family. Because it is alive, I could, of course, kill it – and unfortunately rather easily.</p> <p>And don’t forget that other potential failure point: the kneading. Too little kneading and the bread will be flat. But don’t overdo it! Knead it too much, and the loaf will be tough and chewy.</p> <p>Still, this was no time for excuses. I was a baker, now one with Taste of Home attached to my name. I may have been intimidated by bread, but it was time. I wanted in.</p> <p>Getting started, I found Instagram to be a friend. A basic no-knead bread was the one I was seeing online overlaid with dreamy filters. People described it as easy, and to be honest, the thought of removing even one intimidating variable – kneading – was enough to get me to buy two kilograms of bread flour and dive in.</p> <p>I gathered everything I’d need (“be prepared” is the first rule of any baking), including my mum’s trusty Pyrex. It had seen me through my first days as a baker, so I was counting on it to work its magic. I had an easy Taste of Home recipe all set on my iPad. I mixed the flour, salt, and yeast and made sure the water temperature was just right – 38 to 46 degrees – before pouring it in.</p> <p>And then it happened – or didn’t happen. I followed the instructions to the letter, but my dough didn’t rise. Somehow, impossibly, it looked smaller. Sludgy, gooey, wet with a few bubbles. Sad.</p> <p>The Pyrex bowl didn’t save me, so I had to figure out how to do it myself. Frantically googling “bread dough didn’t rise” yielded a likely answer – the room was too cold. But I found some solutions too. I put the disappointing dough in the oven with the light on, a trick that provides just a bit of gentle heat, to let it try again.</p> <p>Three hours later, after I’d resisted the urge to keep checking on it like a nervous mum with a newborn, a puffy dough filled the bowl. I hadn’t killed it; it was just … sleeping. A quick fold, a second rise, and then my bread went into my Dutch oven and off to bake.</p> <p>Thirty minutes later, I took it out. Sure, it was slightly misshapen, but in my eyes, it was golden-brown, crusty perfection, right down to the yeasty-sweet hit of steam coming from its top.</p> <p>Naturally, the first thing I did was grab my phone and hop on Instagram, positioning my beautiful bread just so in a shining stream of daylight on a wooden cutting board. No one needed to know it was my first yeast bread ever – or how close it came to getting scraped into the garbage can. The online reactions started almost immediately – heart emojis and comments like “This looks DELISH!” from my friends.</p> <p>They couldn’t taste it, but virtual sharing yields its own rewards.</p> <p>Finally I cut into that lovely brown crust and doled out slices to my husband and kids. Those slices led to seconds, then thirds, each piece slathered with softened butter and a little sprinkle of salt. I made my family perhaps happier with slices of warm, buttered homemade bread than I had with all the sweets combined. They were used to the cookies and brownies; this was something totally new and equally delicious. Soon enough, I was left with a butter-smeared knife, a few lonely crumbs on the cutting board, and, of course, my post on Instagram as the only evidence of its existence.</p> <p>At last, I was a bread baker – despite yeast’s best attempts to intimidate me on this first try. No more feeling inferior or afraid. Now I make bread and homemade pizza crust regularly. Yeast and I have such a good relationship that I’m done buying the little packs – I buy it in large enough quantities to fill its own Tupperware container. And I have enough confidence to start thinking (and stressing!) about my next difficult baking challenge: homemade croissants.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Tips from my trial and error</strong></p> <p>Read the whole recipe before you start.</p> <p>We’ve all gotten halfway through a recipe only to find we don’t have any buttermilk. Plus, a quick read can help you prepare for what’s ahead, particularly if there are any techniques with which you’re not familiar.</p> <p><strong>1. Use butter at the right temperature</strong></p> <p>Most cake and cookie recipes call for softened butter, which is the right consistency for creaming with sugar. Biscuit and pie pastry recipes call for ice-cold butter in order to create the flakiest layers. If your butter isn’t the correct temperature, your bakes won’t mix up the way they should.</p> <p><strong>2. Weigh all your ingredients</strong></p> <p>When it comes to baking, it’s always preferable to measure your ingredients by weight rather than volume. This ensures you get exactly the right proportions. It may not be critical for something simple like a pan of brownies, but it’s important with fussier baked items, such as macarons.</p> <p><strong>3. Chill cookie dough</strong></p> <p>We know how tempting it is to get your cookies in the oven the second you’re done mixing up your dough. However, chilling the dough can help develop flavours and prevent cookies from spreading too much. Do not skip this step!</p> <p><strong>4. Coat mix-ins with flour</strong></p> <p>When a recipe calls for add-ins (dried fruits, chocolate chips, and/or nuts), you’ll often see instructions to toss them in a bit of flour before adding to the batter. You might think that’s a waste – after all, there’s flour in the batter. But coating these heavy mix-ins helps prevent them from sinking to the bottom of the pan. The extra step gives you even distribution and a prettier result.</p> <p><strong>5. Cool cakes completely before icing</strong></p> <p>Always let your cakes, cupcakes, and cookies cool completely before icing them. If they are too warm, the icing will slide right off the top of your cake or melt and soak in. Cooling racks speed up the process. If you don’t have one, take the cover off your ironing board and use the board as a cooling rack.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Written by </em><em>Jeanne Sidner</em><em>. This article first appeared on<a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/home-tips/how-i-mastered-baking-a-yeast-bread-from-scratch-after-years-of-failure"> </a></em><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/home-tips/how-i-mastered-baking-a-yeast-bread-from-scratch-after-years-of-failure"><em>Reader’s Digest</em></a><em><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/home-tips/how-i-mastered-baking-a-yeast-bread-from-scratch-after-years-of-failure">.</a> For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, </em><a href="http://readersdigest.com.au/subscribe"><em>here’s our best subscription offer</em></a><em>.</em></p>

Food & Wine

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Arctic cod liver oil: superstar for healthy ageing and immunity

<div id="primary" class="contentAreaLeft"> <div class="Maincontent"> <p><strong>We all need good nutrition for optimum wellbeing but this may be of even greater importance in our golden years.  Of the many nutrients that benefit healthy ageing, omega-3s are superstars since they are essential to the proper functioning of every cell in our bodies.</strong></p> <p>The main beneficial omega-3s, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are naturally highly concentrated in Arctic cod liver oil. The difference between Arctic cod liver oil and other fish oils is that Arctic cod liver oil generally contains 50% more DHA than EPA, whereas other fish oils are naturally higher in EPA than DHA.</p> <p>This ratio makes<span> </span><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.therahealth.com.au/" target="_blank">Arctic cod liver oil</a><span> </span>stand out as a superfood for supporting systems that have an abundance of DHA such as the brain and eyes. In addition to this, Arctic cod liver oil contains a rare supply of naturally occurring vitamins A and D, providing further support for a range of body systems such as skin cell and immune support.</p> <p>Here are 6 ways that the nutrients found in Arctic Cod Liver Oil have been shown to support ageing &amp; immunity:</p> <p><strong>1. Heart health</strong></p> <p>Increasing levels of evidence have shown the beneficial impacts of dietary Omega 3’s against heart disease, and gaining sufficient omega-3 might be easiest done in the form of a cod liver oil supplement<span> </span><sup>(1)</sup>. Studies have indicated that dietary omega-3s appear to decrease the cardiovascular risk factors that lead to heart disease<span> </span><sup>(2,3)</sup>. This has been particularly obvious when cod liver oil supplementation has occurred in the Western diet. One particular study found that supplementing a typical Western diet with cod liver oil had positive effects on the heart health of study participants<span> </span><sup>(1)</sup>.</p> <p>This was likely due to the high concentration of omega-3’s contained in cod liver oil. As cardiovascular disease is a prominent health issue in Australia, Arctic cod liver oil may be an important addition to one’s diet in support of improving heart health<span> </span><sup>(4)</sup>.</p> <p><strong>2. Brain health</strong></p> <p>The brain tissue of humans is predominantly composed of lipids, which are made up of different fatty acids. DHA is the most abundant fatty acid in the brain. The levels of DHA in the brain increase during development and decrease with ageing. Further to this, DHA levels in the brain can be altered by dietary intake of omega-3s<span> </span><sup>(5)</sup>.</p> <p>A number of studies have suggested that low levels of DHA in the brain are linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults<span> </span><sup>(6)</sup>. Therefore, because of the rich profile of DHA in cod liver oil, supplementation of this particular fish oil may be specifically beneficial for the ageing population in support of brain health.</p> <p><strong>3. Bone strength</strong></p> <p>One of the main draw factors of cod liver oil is its naturally occurring vitamin D. While the most abundant method for increasing one’s vitamin D status is usually through sunlight exposure, sufficient and safe amounts of healthy sun exposure are increasingly difficult to achieve for many in the modern population.</p> <p>Therefore, cod liver oil supplementation may be a valuable alternative for supporting one’s required daily intake of vitamin D for optimal bone health. Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterised by decreased bone mass that occurs primarily in postmenopausal women<span> </span><sup>(7)</sup>. This disease places them at greater risk of fractures in their later life. Therefore, cod liver oil may be beneficial for supporting bone development and maintenance throughout life, and particularly in later life when the risk of bone fracture is increased.</p> <p><strong>4. Vision</strong></p> <p>Deteriorating eyesight is a common health problem in the ageing population. As with the brain, the eye is highly enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, with particularly high levels of DHA present in the retina of the eye<span> </span><sup>(8)</sup>. Therefore, DHA has an important functional role in the retina, primarily helping minimise the damage that is caused from the ongoing exposure to light throughout life<span> </span><sup>(12)</sup>.</p> <p>Therefore, people over the age of 50 are recommended a regular intake of marine fish or a food supplement that has high concentrations of DHA, such as cod liver oil, to support their eye health<span> </span><sup>(12)</sup>. In addition to this, cod liver oil is appealing because it is a good source of naturally occurring vitamin A in its most ‘active’ form, which may support individuals who have problems with night vision.</p> <p><strong>5. Skin care</strong></p> <p>Human skin plays a pivotal role in the feeling of wellbeing and physical attractiveness in an individual<span> </span><sup>(14)</sup>. Our skin is continuously exposed to internal and external influences that may alter its condition. As a result, we may experience inflammation, immune dysfunction, skin disorders, and ultimately ageing.</p> <p>The functioning and attractiveness of the skin are dependent on nutrition, as evidenced by the characteristic skin lesions that often occur from particular deficiencies in the diet.<sup><span> </span>(14)</sup><span> </span>Dietary supplementation with specific vitamins, minerals, or essential fatty acids will therefore support skin care in these situations<span> </span><sup>(15)</sup>. Many reports have suggested that the intake of omega-3s, (EPA and DHA), may provide considerable health benefits in relation to inflammatory diseases that have the potential to cause rashes, lesions or other disorders to the skin. One study found that a relatively low supplemented dose of EPA and DHA within a 4-week period was protective against UV radiation<span> </span><sup>(16)</sup>. Therefore, cod liver oil supplementation may be recommended to help and support skin care in later life.</p> <p><strong>6. Immune system</strong></p> <p>Many studies have found that the anti-inflammatory profile of cod liver oil supports the immune response of an individual. Further to this, the effect of omega-3 dietary supplementation has been shown to improve clinical variables of disease activity<span> </span><sup>(17)</sup>. One study found that cod liver oil supplementation for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis allowed these patients to decrease their NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) intake, thus improving gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health without any worsening of disease activity<span> </span><sup>(17)</sup>.</p> <p>Another study produced results that suggested a protective effect of cod liver oil supplementation against type 1 diabetes<span> </span><sup>(18)</sup>. Numerous changes occur in the immune system with advancing age, probably contributing to a decreased immune response<span> </span><sup>(20)</sup>.</p> <p>Looking at these amazing benefits for multiple body systems, you can see why Arctic cod liver oil is a superstar for immune support and healthy ageing.</p> <p>Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver Oil™ is made from 100% wild Arctic cod. Unlike other “cod liver oils” on the market, no fish body oils or synthetic vitamins or additives are ever used.</p> <p>Nordic Naturals award-winning Arctic Cod Liver Oil™ is made exclusively from wild Arctic cod, and is an ideal choice to help boost immune system health during the colder months. Vertically integrated from catch to finished product, Arctic Cod Liver Oil far surpasses the strict European Pharmacopoeia Standard for fish oil purity and freshness. Simply put it’s some of freshest cod liver oil in the world.</p> <p>Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver oil recently won in the ‘Bone and Joint’ category of the Good Magazine Best of Natural Awards.</p> <p>Available from all good health stores. To find a store near you visit<span> </span><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.therahealth.com.au/store-locator" target="_blank">http://www.therahealth.com.au/store-locator</a></p> <p><em>This article is sponsored content in conjunction with<span> </span><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.therahealth.com.au/" target="_blank">Thera Health</a>.</em></p> <p><em><sup><strong>REFERENCES</strong></sup></em></p> <ol> <li><em>Lorenz R, Spengler U, Fischer S, Duhm J and Weber PC. Platelet Function, Thromboxane Formation and Blood Pressure Control During Supplementation of the Western Diet with Cod Liver Oil. Circulation 1983;67:504-511.</em></li> <li><em>Simopoulos AP. Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:438-463.</em></li> <li><em>Hu FB, Bronner L and Willett WC. Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women. JAMA 2002;287)14):1815-21.</em></li> <li><em>Heart Foundation. 2014. Data and statistics. Available at:<a href="http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/information-for-professionals/data-and-statistics/Pages/default.aspx">http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/information-for-professionals/data-and-statistics/Pages/default.aspx</a>. [Accessed 26 March 14].</em></li> <li><em>Innis SM. Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and the developing brain. Brain Res 2008;doi 10.1016.</em></li> <li><em>Sydenham E, Dangour AD and Lim W-S. Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. Sao Paulo Med J 2012;130(6):419.</em></li> <li><em>Rajakumar K. Vitamin D, Cod-Liver Oil, Sunlight, and Rickets: A Historical Perspective. Pediatrics 2003;112;e132.</em></li> <li><em>Hodge W, Barnes D, Schachter HM et al. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Eye Health. AHRQ 2005;117:12.</em></li> <li><em>James MJ, Gibson RA and Cleland LG. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71.</em></li> <li><em>Rodriguez de Turco EB, Gordon WC and Bazan NG. Rapid and selective uptake, metabolism, and cellular distribution of docosahexenoic acid among rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the frog retina. J Neurosci 1991;11(11):3667-78.</em></li> <li><em>Vingerling JR, Dielemans I, Bots ML et al. Age-related macular degeneration is associated with atherosclerosis. The Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142(4):404-9.</em></li> <li><em>Bryhn M. 2007. Can Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Blindness? Available at:<span> </span><a href="http://www.parisan.de/fileadmin/parisan/user_upload/EPAX_-_Eye_Health.pdf">http://www.parisan.de/fileadmin/parisan/user_upload/EPAX_-_Eye_Health.pdf</a><span> </span>(Accessed 26 March 2014).</em></li> <li><em>Neuringer M. Infant vision and retinal function in studies of dietary long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:256-267.</em></li> <li><em>Boelsma E, Hendriks HFJ and Roza L. Nutritional skin care: health effects of micronutrients and fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:853-64.</em></li> <li><em>Roe DA. Current etiologies and cutaneous signs of vitamin deficiencies. Roe Da, ed. Nutrition and the skin. Contemporary issues in clinical nutrition. New York: Alan R Liss Inc, 1986;81-98.</em></li> <li><em>Orengo IF, Black HS and Wolf JE. Influence of fish oil supplementation on the minimal erythema dose in humans. Arch Dermatol Res 1992;284:219-21.</em></li> <li><em>Galarraga B, Ho M and Youssef HM. Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2008;47:665-669.</em></li> <li><em>Stene LC, Ulriksen J, Magnus P and Joner G. Use of cod liver oil during pregnancy associated with lower risk of Type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Diabetologia 2000;43:1093-98.</em></li> <li><em>Stene LC, Joner G and the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group. Use of cod liver oil during the first year of life is associated with lower risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a large, population-based, case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1128-34.</em></li> <li><em>Immunity &amp; Ageing. 2014. About Immunity &amp; Ageing. Available at<span> </span><a href="http://www.immunityageing.com/about">http://www.immunityageing.com/about</a><span> </span>(Accessed 27 March 2014).</em></li> </ol> </div> </div>

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Jessica Rowe and Tina Arena discuss mental health in candid chat: “I felt like a failure”

<p>Jessica Rowe and Tina Arena got together for a special video chat on Instagram to discuss their mental health struggle.</p> <p>Fans were able to watch the pair’s video chat in a small clip posted to the social media site, where they encouraged fans to reach out to others who may be having a difficult time during the coronavirus pandemic.</p> <p>Jessica Rowe and Tina Arena got together for a video chat on mental health struggles in lockdown earlier this week. </p> <p>“Having gone through mental health issues myself, I never ever want to think of someone suffering on their own,” Jess, 49, admitted honestly.</p> <p>“I felt like a failure, but came to realise I just simply had an illness that I needed help to get through. </p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_V6hZ5pcQs/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_V6hZ5pcQs/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Jessica Rowe (@jessjrowe)</a> on Apr 23, 2020 at 4:49pm PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>“During the uncertainty, it's easy to lean into fear and be unkind but now more than ever we need to lean into kindness,” she added.</p> <p>Jessica has been a vocal advocate for mental health awareness over the years and has opened up about her own struggles. </p> <p>While speaking with<span> </span><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.bodyandsoul.com.au/" target="_blank">Whimn</a><span> </span>in December of 2019, the former Studio 10 co-host admitted openly she struggled with depression and anxiety.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_Q1iw0FdGv/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B_Q1iw0FdGv/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Tina Arena (@tinaarena)</a> on Apr 21, 2020 at 5:29pm PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>“I've had postnatal depression, depression and anxiety over the years, so I'm a passionate advocate for greater mental health awareness and the importance of asking for help,” she said.</p> <p>“I felt like a failure because of my mental illness, but now I know that it's an illness like any other and nothing to be ashamed of.   </p> <p>“I asked for help, went to a psychiatrist and started taking medication, and I'm far healthier in my head as a result,” she added.  </p> <p>Tina also went on record earlier this month to speak out about her own personal mental struggles while in lockdown with her “traumatised” 14-year-old son, Gabriel.</p> <p>Speaking to <span>Stellar magazine, Arena said: “I'm struggling. I've got emails from teachers saying, ‘Gabriel hasn't handed in this and that...’”   </span></p> <p>Tina added: “But we will get there. Our kids are traumatised. They can't see their mates, it's tough.”</p> <p>The Australian singer shares her son with French artist Vincent Mancini, who she married in 2000. </p>

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